CONJUNCTS Conjuncts

Biber K45 Bohmann 77

Definition

Adverbial connectors expressing logical relations: however, therefore, thus, moreover, furthermore, consequently, etc.

Detection Rules

mfte

cql[word={words}]
Word list (18 items)
however therefore consequently furthermore moreover nevertheless nonetheless hence thus accordingly alternatively conversely instead likewise similarly namely rather meanwhile

Requires: word

pybiber

cql[word={words}]
Word list (20 items)
alternatively consequently conversely e.g. furthermore hence however i.e. instead likewise moreover namely nevertheless nonetheless notwithstanding otherwise similarly therefore thus viz.

Requires: word

⚠ pybiber’s e.g. and i.e. blob patterns have unescaped dots, causing false matches on words like “edge” and “idea”. Token-level matching avoids this bug.

pybiber

pybiber conjuncts: “else”, “altogether”, and “rather” only when preceded by punctuation, plus 20 multi-word phrases from biber_dict.py.

p1 
cql[dep="punct"] [word="else"]
p2 
cql[dep="punct"] [word="altogether"]
p3 
cql[dep="punct"] [word="rather"]
p4 
cql[word="in"] [word="comparison"]
p5 
cql[word="in"] [word="contrast"]
p6 
cql[word="in"] [word="particular"]
p7 
cql[word="in"] [word="addition"]
p8 
cql[word="in"] [word="conclusion"]
p9 
cql[word="in"] [word="consequence"]
p10 
cql[word="in"] [word="sum"]
p11 
cql[word="in"] [word="summary"]
p12 
cql[word="for"] [word="example"]
p13 
cql[word="for"] [word="instance"]
p14 
cql[word="instead"] [word="of"]
p15 
cql[word="by"] [word="contrast"]
p16 
cql[word="by"] [word="comparison"]
p17 
cql[word="in"] [word="any"] [word="event"]
p18 
cql[word="in"] [word="any"] [word="case"]
p19 
cql[word="in"] [word="other"] [word="words"]
p20 
cql[word="as"] [word="a"] [word="result"]
p21 
cql[word="as"] [word="a"] [word="consequence"]
p22 
cql[word="on"] [word="the"] [word="contrary"]
p23 
cql[word="on"] [word="the"] [word="other"] [word="hand"]
combine: p1 | p2 | p3 | p4 | p5 | p6 | p7 | p8 | p9 | p10 | p11 | p12 | p13 | p14 | p15 | p16 | p17 | p18 | p19 | p20 | p21 | p22 | p23

Requires: word, pos, dep

Normalization

Per finite_verbs

Sources

  • biber_1988 — Biber, Douglas (1988) : Variation across Speech and Writing
  • pybiber — Brown, David West & Reinhart, Alex (2026) : pybiber — Python package for linguistic feature extraction and Multi-Dimensional Analysis
  • grieve_2023 — Grieve, Jack (2023) : Register variation explains stylometric authorship analysis
  • bohmann_2019 — Bohmann, Axel (2019) : Variation in English Worldwide: Varieties and Genres in a Quantitative Perspective

Notes

Highest loading on D5. MFTE’s ELAB partially covers this but conjuncts are broader than elaborating conjunctions.

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