DOAUX DO auxiliary
Definition
DO used as auxiliary verb in questions, negation, or emphatic constructions (e.g., “Did you go?”, “I don’t know”, “I do believe”).
Detection Rules
DO with lemma “do” whose dependency role is auxiliary. Captures DO-support in questions, negation, and emphatic constructions.
cql[lemma="do" & dep="aux"]
mfte
MFTE uses positional heuristics: do/does/did as verb, not after/before “to”, followed by VB, punctuation, pronoun, negation+VB, WH-word before, etc. Also catches emphatic DO (do + VB). Does not use dependency parsing. MFTE excludes “to do” via a precondition; we use a span-aware excludes on _INFDO (helper feature matching “to do”).
cql[word="[Dd]o|[Dd]oes|[Dd]id" & pos="VB.*"] [pos="VB"]
cql[word="[Dd]o|[Dd]oes|[Dd]id" & pos="VB.*"] [pos!="[A-Z].*"]
cql[word="[Dd]o|[Dd]oes|[Dd]id" & pos="VB.*"] [word="not|n.t|[Nn]ever"] [pos="VB"]
cql[word="[Dd]o|[Dd]oes|[Dd]id" & pos="VB.*"] [pos="RB"] [pos="VB"]
cql[word="[Dd]o|[Dd]oes|[Dd]id" & pos="VB.*"] [word="I|you|[Hh]e|[Ss]he|it|[Ww]e|[Tt]hey"]
cql[word="[Dd]o|[Dd]oes|[Dd]id" & pos="VB.*"] [pos="RB"] [word="I|you|[Hh]e|[Ss]he|it|[Ww]e|[Tt]hey"]
cql[word="[Dd]o|[Dd]oes|[Dd]id" & pos="VB.*"] [word="not|n.t|[Nn]ever"] [pos="RB"] [pos="VB"]
combine: (p1 | p2 | p3 | p4 | p5 | p6 | p7) & !_INFDO
Normalization
Per finite_verbs
Examples
Should take longer than it does.
Source: le_foll_2024
She needed that house, didn’t she?
Source: le_foll_2024
Who did not already love him.
Source: le_foll_2024
Sources
- mfte — Le Foll, Elen & Shakir, Muhammad (2023/2025) : Multi-Feature Tagger of English (MFTE) — Python version
Notes
MFTE’s DOAUX counts DO as auxiliary (questions, negation, emphasis, tags). This is the COMPLEMENT of Biber’s f_12 / Xiao’s B22 “pro-verb DO” (see DOPV), which counts DO standing in for a lexical verb. Together they account for all uses of DO.