NNABSPROC YAML source
code: NNABSPROC
xiao_number: A15
mfte_code: NNABSPROC
name: Abstract/process nouns
definition: Nouns denoting abstract concepts, actions, or processes.
normalization: nouns
detection:
- source: xiao_2009
requires:
- usas
usas_code: "A1"
- source: mfte
requires:
- lemma
- pos
cql: '[lemma={words} & pos="NN.*"]'
words:
- action
- actions
- activity
- activities
- application
- applications
- argument
- arguments
- development
- developments
- education
- educations
- effect
- effects
- function
- functions
- method
- methods
- research
- researches
- result
- results
- process
- processes
- accounting
- accountings
- achievement
- achievements
- addition
- additions
- administration
- administrations
- approach
- approaches
- arrangement
- arrangements
- assignment
- assignments
- competition
- competitions
- construction
- constructions
- consumption
- consumptions
- contribution
- contributions
- counseling
- counselings
- criticism
- criticisms
- definition
- definitions
- discrimination
- discriminations
- description
- descriptions
- discussion
- discussions
- distribution
- distributions
- division
- divisions
- eruption
- eruptions
- evolution
- evolutions
- exchange
- exchanges
- exercise
- exercises
- experiment
- experiments
- explanation
- explanations
- expression
- expressions
- formation
- formations
- generation
- generations
- graduation
- graduations
- management
- managements
- marketing
- marketings
- marriage
- marriages
- mechanism
- mechanisms
- meeting
- meetings
- operation
- operations
- orientation
- orientations
- performance
- performances
- practice
- practices
- presentation
- presentations
- procedure
- procedures
- production
- productions
- progress
- progresses
- reaction
- reactions
- registration
- registrations
- regulation
- regulations
- revolution
- revolutions
- selection
- selections
- session
- sessions
- strategy
- strategies
- teaching
- teachings
- technique
- techniques
- tradition
- traditions
- training
- trainings
- transition
- transitions
- treatment
- treatments
- trial
- trials
- act
- acts
- agreement
- agreements
- attempt
- attempts
- attendance
- attendances
- birth
- births
- break
- breaks
- claim
- claims
- comment
- comments
- comparison
- comparisons
- conflict
- conflicts
- deal
- deals
- death
- deaths
- debate
- debates
- demand
- demands
- answer
- answers
- control
- controls
- flow
- flows
- service
- services
- work
- works
- test
- tests
- use
- uses
- war
- wars
- change
- changes
- question
- questions
- study
- studies
- talk
- talks
- task
- tasks
- trade
- trades
- transfer
- transfers
- admission
- admissions
- design
- designs
- detail
- details
- dimension
- dimensions
- direction
- directions
- disorder
- disorders
- diversity
- diversities
- economy
- economies
- emergency
- emergencies
- emphasis
- emphases
- employment
- employments
- equilibrium
- equilibriums
- equity
- equities
- error
- errors
- expense
- expenses
- facility
- facilities
- failure
- failures
- fallacy
- fallacies
- feature
- features
- format
- formats
- freedom
- freedoms
- fun
- funs
- gender
- genders
- goal
- goals
- grammar
- grammars
- health
- healths
- heat
- heats
- help
- helps
- identity
- identities
- image
- images
- impact
- impacts
- importance
- importances
- influence
- influences
- input
- inputs
- labor
- labors
- leadership
- leaderships
- link
- links
- manner
- manners
- math
- maths
- matrix
- matrices
- meaning
- meanings
- music
- musics
- network
- networks
- objective
- objectives
- opportunity
- opportunities
- option
- options
- origin
- origins
- output
- outputs
- past
- pasts
- pattern
- patterns
- phase
- phases
- philosophy
- philosophies
- plan
- plans
- potential
- potentials
- prerequisite
- prerequisites
- presence
- presences
- principle
- principles
- success
- successes
- profile
- profiles
- profit
- profits
- proposal
- proposals
- psychology
- psychologies
- quality
- qualities
- quiz
- quizzes
- race
- races
- reality
- realities
- religion
- religions
- resource
- resources
- respect
- respects
- rest
- rests
- return
- returns
- risk
- risks
- substance
- substances
- scene
- scenes
- security
- securities
- series
- series
- set
- sets
- setting
- settings
- sex
- sexes
- shape
- shapes
- share
- shares
- show
- shows
- sign
- signs
- signal
- signals
- sort
- sorts
- sound
- sounds
- spring
- springs
- stage
- stages
- standard
- standards
- start
- starts
- stimulus
- stimuli
- strength
- strengths
- stress
- stresses
- style
- styles
- support
- supports
- survey
- surveys
- symbol
- symbols
- topic
- topics
- track
- tracks
- trait
- traits
- trouble
- troubles
- truth
- truths
- variation
- variations
- variety
- varieties
- velocity
- velocities
- version
- versions
- whole
- wholes
- action
- actions
- account
- accounts
- condition
- conditions
- culture
- cultures
- end
- ends
- factor
- factors
- grade
- grades
- interest
- interests
- issue
- issues
- job
- jobs
- kind
- kinds
- language
- languages
- law
- laws
- level
- levels
- life
- lives
- model
- models
- name
- names
- nature
- natures
- order
- orders
- policy
- policies
- position
- positions
- power
- powers
- pressure
- pressures
- relationship
- relationships
- requirement
- requirements
- role
- roles
- rule
- rules
- science
- sciences
- side
- sides
- situation
- situations
- skill
- skills
- source
- sources
- structure
- structures
- subject
- subjects
- type
- types
- information
- informations
- right
- rights
- state
- states
- system
- systems
- value
- values
- way
- ways
- address
- addresses
- absence
- absences
- advantage
- advantages
- aid
- aids
- alternative
- alternatives
- aspect
- aspects
- authority
- authorities
- axis
- axes
- background
- backgrounds
- balance
- balances
- base
- bases
- beginning
- beginnings
- benefit
- benefits
- bias
- biases
- bond
- bonds
- capital
- capitals
- care
- cares
- career
- careers
- cause
- causes
- characteristic
- characteristics
- charge
- charges
- check
- checks
- choice
- choices
- circuit
- circuits
- circumstance
- circumstances
- climate
- climates
- code
- codes
- color
- colors
- column
- columns
- combination
- combinations
- complex
- complexes
- connection
- connections
- constant
- constants
- constraint
- constraints
- contact
- contacts
- content
- contents
- contract
- contracts
- context
- contexts
- contrast
- contrasts
- crime
- crimes
- criteria
- criterias
- cross
- crosses
- current
- currents
- curriculum
- curriculums
- curve
- curves
- debt
- debts
- density
- densities
- source: usas
requires:
- lemma
- pos
cql: '[lemma={words} & pos="NN|NNS"]'
words:
- Break-up
- Jinx
- P-economy
- Snip
- abandon
- abeyance
- abrogation
- absorbing
- abstraction
- abstractions
- accident
- act
- acting
- action
- action-packed
- active
- activities
- activity
- acts
- ad-lib
- adherence
- ado
- affair
- affairs
- all-purpose
- amelogenesis
- annihilation
- apocalypse
- apostasy
- applicability
- appropriateness
- aptness
- arbitrariness
- assassin
- asset
- attaching
- auto-destruction
- autolysis
- automation
- automatisation
- automatization
- autopilot
- avail
- avoidance
- avoiding
- back-seat
- backseat
- baler
- ballgame
- banging
- barrenness
- basher
- bedlam
- beetling
- bellyflop
- bender
- biz
- blacklist
- blast
- blasting
- bleeding-heart
- blemish
- blight
- blow-out
- blowing
- blowout
- bondage
- bonding
- bottling
- bound
- box-builders
- breach
- break-up
- breakage
- breakages
- breaking
- brush-off
- bubbling
- bull-baiting
- bulldozing
- bumping
- bundling
- bushfire
- bustle
- cannibalisation
- canning
- capping
- captive
- captivity
- carbonizing
- carelessness
- carnage
- catcher
- caution
- cautiousness
- caveat
- chance
- chaos
- chipping
- chop
- chopping
- chops
- chore
- circumscription
- circumvention
- clampdown
- clamping
- clinging
- clipping
- closing
- closure
- clutch
- clutching
- co-production
- coaters
- cobble
- coincidence
- collapse
- collapsing
- collision
- collisions
- commission
- commissions
- committal
- committing
- complicity
- composting
- concreting
- confinement
- consisting
- constraint
- constriction
- constrictions
- constructivism
- consumption
- containment
- contaminating
- contents
- convenience
- conveniences
- cop-out
- coping
- corrosion
- crack
- crackdown
- cracking
- crash
- crashing
- creating
- creation
- creator
- creators
- crumbling
- crusher
- crushers
- curb
- curbs
- curses
- cut
- cutting
- dabbing
- dabble
- dabbler
- dabblers
- damage
- damaging
- daub
- dealing
- dealings
- decimation
- decoking
- decomposition
- deed
- deeds
- default
- defaults
- defying
- delamination
- demarcation
- demolishment
- demolition
- depredation
- depredations
- destroying
- destruction
- detainee
- detainees
- detriment
- devastation
- dig
- digging
- dilapidation
- dilapidations
- dipping
- discharge
- discharges
- disciplinarian
- discretion
- disjointing
- dismantling
- disqualification
- disrepair
- disservice
- disuse
- dodge
- dodger
- doer
- doing
- doings
- doldrum
- doldrums
- dragnet
- draw
- dredge
- drilling
- duress
- effusion
- eligibility
- emancipation
- encompassing
- end-user
- enforcement
- enforcing
- engraving
- eradication
- erosion
- errand
- escape
- escapee
- evading
- evasion
- ex-user
- excavation
- excluding
- exclusion
- exclusions
- executing
- exigencies
- expedient
- expedients
- exploding
- exploit
- exploitation
- exploiter
- exploiters
- explosion
- extrusion
- fashioner
- fashioners
- fastener
- feat
- felling
- filtering
- filtration
- fissure
- fitness
- fixing
- flick
- flicking
- flip
- flipping
- flood-gates
- flouting
- fluke
- folding
- follow-through
- forking
- framer
- free-for-all
- free-riding
- freedom
- freeform
- freeing
- freestyle
- frenzy
- fugitive
- fumbling
- function
- functionality
- functioning
- fusion
- futility
- gearing
- getaway
- gimmickry
- globalisation
- gluing
- godsend
- going-on
- goings-on
- gouge
- grafters
- grafting
- grip
- gripping
- gritting
- group-work
- groupwork
- guarding
- hacking
- hammering
- hand-picking
- handiwork
- handling
- handwork
- harm
- harnessing
- havoc
- hibernation
- high-stakes
- hostage
- hostages
- house-building
- housebuilding
- housework
- hubbub
- hustle
- hyperactivity
- idleness
- implementation
- implementing
- improvisation
- impunity
- inactivity
- inclusion
- incorporating
- incorporation
- indiscipline
- ineffectiveness
- ingredient
- initiative
- initiatives
- insider
- installation
- installing
- instillation
- integrating
- integration
- integrators
- interlocking
- internment
- involvement
- involving
- irrelevance
- isolation
- jab
- jinx
- kegging
- labor
- labour
- labouring
- labours
- lamination
- lamplighting
- laxity
- layering
- leak
- leakage
- leaking
- legwork
- liabilities
- liability
- liberalisation
- liberalization
- liberation
- liberty
- limitation
- limiting
- logistics
- loose
- luck
- macing
- maintenance
- maintenence
- maker
- making
- malfunction
- malfunctions
- manufacture
- manufacturer
- manufacturing
- martinet
- materialism
- mauling
- messing
- metaphysics
- milling
- misadventure
- misadventures
- misfortune
- mishap
- mobilisation
- mobilization
- mooring
- moratorium
- moulder
- mousetraps
- multi-taskers
- mutilation
- nailing
- neglect
- negligence
- nemesis
- nudge
- off-chance
- ology
- omission
- ooze
- opening
- operating
- operation
- operative
- opportunism
- opportunist
- opportunities
- opportunity
- opus
- outcast
- outcasts
- overexploitation
- overhaul
- overworking
- packer
- packing
- parameter
- parameters
- paring
- passivity
- pat
- pegging
- pelting
- performativity
- performing
- personalization
- pinking
- planing
- plastering
- poodling
- potluck
- pounding
- pouring
- powering
- practicability
- practicalities
- practicality
- practice
- practicing
- pragmatism
- pragmatist
- pre-making
- precaution
- precautions
- prep
- preparation
- preparing
- pressing
- prick
- proceeding
- proceedings
- process
- processing
- prodding
- production
- project
- projects
- providence
- puncture
- pursuance
- pursuing
- pursuit
- quarantine
- racket
- raking
- random
- randomising
- ransacking
- rashness
- ravages
- re-enactment
- re-mixing
- reaction
- recourse
- recreating
- recycling
- redoing
- reenactment
- refining
- refinishing
- regenerating
- reintegration
- release
- releasing
- relevance
- relieving
- reliving
- remaking
- remissness
- remix
- reneging
- repackaging
- reprisal
- rerun
- respray
- resprays
- restraint
- restraints
- restressing
- restricting
- restriction
- reunification
- reuse
- rewind
- rigour
- risk-taker
- riveting
- routing
- rub
- rubbing
- ruin
- ruins
- run-in
- runaway
- rusting
- sabotage
- safeguarding
- scope
- scrape
- scraping
- scuff
- sealing
- securing
- segmentation
- self-discipline
- self-restraint
- servicer
- servicing
- shackle
- shackles
- shards
- shattering
- shebang
- sifting
- sinecure
- skim
- skive
- skivery
- slash
- slashing
- smashing
- snare
- snip
- soldering
- spill
- spliting
- spoiling
- spray
- spraying
- spreading
- squirting
- stabbing
- standby
- stir
- stirring
- stirrings
- structuring
- stubbing
- styling
- suitability
- suiting
- swath
- synthesis
- tackling
- task
- tearaways
- tether
- threshhold
- thrift
- throes
- thuggery
- tightening
- tightening-up
- time-waster
- timing
- toil
- tosser
- tossers
- trap
- treading
- tweak
- tweaks
- under-utilising
- undergoing
- undertaking
- unfortunate
- unlocking
- unpacking
- upkeep
- usability
- use
- usefulness
- user
- usery
- uses
- using
- utilisation
- utilities
- utility
- utilization
- venting
- victim
- wariness
- waxing
- wiring
- workflow
- workflows
- workhorse
- workhorses
- wrapping
- wreckage
- wring
- write-off
- zap
- zoning
sources:
- biber_2006
- mfte
- xiao_2009
- usas