CLEF
Catalogue of Lexico-grammatical
English Features
alpha+1e8e6760 (2026-02-22 14:20 UTC)

About CLEF • Browse Features

Biber 1988 • Xiao 2009 • Bohmann 2019 • MFTE

A unified, structured, machine-readable catalogue of linguistic features for multi-dimensional register analysis, corpus stylistics, authorship attribution, and any research that relies on counting lexico-grammatical features in English text.

Features › Verb Features › PAST_PERF

PAST_PERF Past perfect

Bohmann 52

Definition

Had + past participle

Detection Rules

bohmann_2019

cql[word="had"] [pos="VBN"]

Requires: word, pos

Normalization

Per words

Sources

  • bohmann_2019 — Bohmann, Axel (2019) : Variation in English Worldwide: Varieties and Genres in a Quantitative Perspective

View YAML source

← PASS_ALL Passives (all) All features PEAS Perfect aspect →
PAST_PERF Past perfect
  • Definition
  • Detection
  • Normalization
  • Sources