Xiao 2009 Features

141 features from Xiao's (2009) enhanced MDA (World Englishes 28(4): 421–450), mapped to CLEF codes. Semantic features include USAS category codes.

Xiao Code Name USAS
A1 NOMZ Nominalisation
A2 NN Other nouns
A3 NNCOMM Common nouns Z99
A4 NNPLACE Locative nouns M7
A5 NNNUM Numeral nouns N1
A6 NNTEMP Temporal nouns T1
A7 NNEVAL Nouns of evaluation A5
A8 NNCLASS Nouns of classification A4
A9 NNCOMP Nouns of comparison A6
A10 NNANIM Animate nouns L1/L2
A11 NNHUMAN Nouns for people S2
A12 NNGRP Nouns for group/affiliation S5
A13 NNSUBS Nouns for substance/material O1
A14 NNCONC Nouns for objects O2
A15 NNABSPROC General/abstract terms A1
A16 NNCOMMS Nouns of communications Q
A17 NNSPEECH Nouns of speech acts Q2
A18 NNSOCIAL Nouns of social actions/states/processes S
A19 NNPROP Proper nouns
A20 NNCOG Nouns of mental objects X
A21 NNTECH Technical terms Y
B22 DOPV DO as pro-verb
B23 BEMA BE as main verb
B24 EX Existential structure
B25 VBD Past tense verbs
B26 VPRT Non-past tense verbs
B27 PEAS Perfect aspect verbs
B28 PASS Agentless passives
B29 PASSBY BY-passives
B30 POMD_ALL Possibility/permission/ability modals
B31 MDNE Necessity/obligation modals
B32 PREDMD_ALL Predictive/volitional modals
B33 VBMOD Verbs of modification/change A2
B34 CAUSE Causative verbs
B35 VBCOMP Verbs of comparison A6
B36 VBABST General/abstract verbs of being/existing A3
B37 VBCLASS Verbs of classification A4
B38 VBEVAL Verbs of evaluation A5
B39 ACT Verbs of movement/activity
B40 COMM Verbs of communications
B41 VBSPEECH Verbs of speech acts Q2
B42 VBSOCIAL Verbs of social actions/states/processes S
B43 VBSTAT Verbs of remaining/inactivity M2
B44 MENTAL Cognitive verbs
B45 SENSE Sensory verbs X3
B46 SUASIVE Suasive verbs
B47 EXIST Public verbs
B48 MENTAL Private verbs
C49 FPP First person pronouns
C50 SPP2 Second person pronouns
C51 TPP Third person pronouns
C52 PIT Pronoun IT
C53 POSSPRO Possessive pronouns
C54 NPOSSPRO Nominal possessive pronouns
C55 REFPRO Reflexive pronouns
C56 QUPR Indefinite pronouns
C57 DEMO Demonstrative pronouns
C58 DEMOP Demonstratives
D59 JJAT Attributive adjectives
D60 JJPR Predicative adjectives
D61 JJEVAL Adjectives of evaluation A5
D62 JJCOMP Adjectives of comparison A6
D63 JJIMP Adjectives of importance A11
D64 JJEASE Adjectives of ease/difficulty A12
D65 JJAPPEAR Adjectives of general appearance O4
D66 JJJUDGE Adjectives of judgement/appearance O4.2
D67 JJCOLR Colour adjectives
D68 JJSHAPE Adjectives of shape O4.4
D69 JJTEXTR Adjectives of texture O4.5
E70 RB General adverbs
E71 TIME Time adverbs
E72 PLACE Place adverbs
E73 RBDEG Degree adverbs A13
E74 RBPART Prepositional adverbs/particles
E75 RBAPPOS Adverbs introducing appositions
E76 RBEXCL Exclusiviser/particulariser adverbs A14
F77 IN Prepositions
F78 STPR Final prepositions
G79 CUZ Causative subordinator
G80 COND Conditional subordinators
G81 OTHADVSUB Other subordinators
H82 COORD_PHRASAL Phrasal co-ordination
H83 CC Non-phrasal co-ordination
I84 WHQU WH-questions
I85 WHSC WH-nominal clauses
J86 SREL Sentence relatives
J87 THRC_ALL THAT relative clauses
J88 WHREL WH relative clauses
J89 PIED Pied piping constructions
J90 WHIZBN Past participial WHIZ deletion
K91 THSC THAT clauses as verb complements
K92 THNC THAT clauses as noun complements
K93 THADJ THAT clauses as adjective complements
L94 INFIN Infinitive clauses
L95 INFVC Infinitive clauses as verb complements
L96 INFAC Infinitive clauses as adjective complements
M97 VBN Past participial clauses
M98 VBG Present participial clauses
N99 CONT Contractions
N100 SPLIT Split auxiliaries
N101 SPINF Split infinitives
N102 THATD THAT deletion
O103 TTR Standardised type-token ratio
O104 AWL Mean word length
O105 MSL Mean sentence length
P106 NUMERAL Numeral
P107 MEASURE Measurement N3
P108 NNQUANT Quantity
P109 SEM_FREQ Frequency/recurrence rate N6
Q110 TPAST Past T1.1.1
Q111 TPRESENT Present/simultaneous T1.1.2
Q112 TFUTURE Future T1.1.3
Q113 TMOMENT Momentary T2.1
Q114 TPERIOD Period T1.3
Q115 TBEGIN Beginning T2.2
Q116 TEND Ending T2.3
Q117 TOLD Old/mature T3-
Q118 TNEW New/young T3+
Q119 TEARLY Early T4+
Q120 TLATE Late T4-
R121 RBINTNS Intensifiers for non-specific degree A13.3
R122 RBMAX Maximisers A13.2
R123 AMP Boosters
R124 RBAPPROX Approximators A13.5
R125 DWNT Compromisers
R126 RBDIMIN Diminishers A13.6
R127 RBMIN Minimisers A13.7
R128 COMPSUP Comparative/superlative degrees
S129 XX0 Analytic negation
S130 XXSYN Synthetic negation
T131 SEMPOWER Power/organising G1/G2
T132 SEMRESPECT Respect S7
T133 SEMCOMPET Competition K5
T134 SEMPERMIT Permission G2.1
U135 DEFPOS Positive A7+
U136 DEFNEG Negative A7-
V137 SEMHELP Helping S8+
V138 SEMHINDER Hindrance S8-
X139 LINORD Linear order N4
Y140 EXIST Seem/appear
Z141 DMA Discourse markers